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According to de Barry, the oldest circular stone millstone was unearthed in the ruins of the town of Olynthus: it was the millstone of an oil mill, not a flour mill. Historians Marie-Claire Amouretti and Georges Comet [ 17 ] point out that these millstones pre-date the earliest known examples of circular grain mills.
The Payntar Millstones are significant beyond making flour for Washington's Continental Army; they are a tangible link to early U.S. industrial history. [1] The mill's ownership can be traced through several families: Bragaw, Parcell, Polhemus and Ryerson, before being acquired by the Payntar family in 1831.
A bedstone and the rind. A millrind or simply rind is an iron support, usually four-armed or cross-shaped, for the upper ("runner") stone in a pair of millstones.. The rind is affixed to the top of the square-section main shaft or spindle and supports the entire weight of the runner stone, which can be as much as several tons.
Bread Flour. Comparing bread flour versus all-purpose flour, the former has the highest protein content of the refined wheat flours, clocking in at up to 14 percent.
The flow of grain is regulated by shaking it in a gently sloping trough (the "slipper") from which it falls into a hole in the center of the runner stone. The milled grain (flour) is collected as it emerges through the grooves in the runner stone from the outer rim of the stones and is fed down a chute to be collected in sacks on the ground or ...
A cross- or square-shaped piece of metal on the top of the spindle from which the runner stone is balanced. [5] Middling See Stock Overdrift Millstones driven from above are known as Overdrift stones. Pintle The pivot centering a post mill on top of the main post. Runner Stone The Runner Stone is the topmost of a pair of millstones.
Quern stones were used in China at least 10,000 years ago to grind wheat into flour. The production of flour by rubbing wheat by hand took several hours. [8] Due to their form, dimensions, and the nature of the treatment of the surfaces, they reproduce precisely the most ancient implements used for grinding cereal grain into flour.
Mo (Chinese: 磨; pinyin: mò; lit. 'mill') [1] [2] were stone implements used for grinding wheat in ancient China. [1] [2] It was a rotary quern millstone powered by a hand-operated crank fixed at the top to grind and pulverize grains, wheat, and rice into flour.