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The Soviet government demanded the northern part of Bukovina as a "minor reparation for the enormous loss inflicted on the Soviet Union and Bessarabia's population by 22 years of Romanian reign over Bessarabia" and because its "fate is linked mainly with Soviet Ukraine by the community of its historical fate, and by the community of language ...
Map of Bessarabia. The Bessarabian question, Bessarabian issue or Bessarabian problem (Romanian: Problema basarabeană or chestiunea basarabeană; Russian: Бессарабский вопрос or бессарабская проблема) is the name given to the controversy over the ownership of the geographic region of Bessarabia that began with the annexation of the region by the Russian ...
Map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clark's 1927 book Bessarabia, Russia and Romania on the Black Sea. Bessarabia [a] (/ ˌ b ɛ s ə ˈ r eɪ b i ə /) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.
Bukovina [nb 1] is a historical region at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. [1] The region is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine .
However, this land would be later essentially recovered in its entirety. Moldavia, on the other hand, suffered great territorial losses. In 1774, the Habsburgs invaded Bukovina and annexed it one year later, and in 1812, the Russian Empire took control of Bessarabia. Both territories were later exposed to powerful colonization policies.
The Soviet Union, which did not recognize the sovereignty of Romania over Bessarabia since the union of 1918, issued an ultimatum on 28 June 1940 demanding the evacuation of the Romanian military and administration from the territory it contested as well as from the northern part of the Romanian province of Bukovina. [30]
After a June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum demanding Bessarabia, Bukovina, and the Hertsa region from Romania, [50] [51] the Soviets entered these areas, Romania caved to Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territories. [50] [52]
In the end, a coup in 1944 ended with the overthrow of Antonescu by King Michael I and Romania changed sides and joined the Allies, giving up Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union "in exchange" for the recovery of Northern Transylvania from Hungary and marking the end of the Bessarabia Governorate. [1]