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Data may represent a numerical value, in form of quantitative data, or a label, as with qualitative data. Data may be collected, presented and summarised, in one of two methods called descriptive statistics. Two elementary summaries of data, singularly called a statistic, are the mean and dispersion.
Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. [5] It uses techniques and theories drawn from many fields within the context of mathematics , statistics, computer science , information science , and domain knowledge . [ 6 ]
Metadata means "data about data". Metadata is defined as the data providing information about one or more aspects of the data; it is used to summarize basic information about data that can make tracking and working with specific data easier. [15] Some examples include: Means of creation of the data; Purpose of the data; Time and date of creation
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. The data may also be collected from sensors in the environment, including traffic cameras, satellites, recording devices, etc.
Beynon-Davies uses the concept of a sign to differentiate between data and information; data is a series of symbols, while information occurs when the symbols are used to refer to something. [11] [12] Before the development of computing devices and machines, people had to manually collect data and impose patterns on it.
Box plot of the Michelson–Morley experiment, showing several summary statistics.. In descriptive statistics, summary statistics are used to summarize a set of observations, in order to communicate the largest amount of information as simply as possible.
KNIME, Konstanz Information Miner – Open-Source data exploration platform based on Eclipse. Minitab, an EDA and general statistics package widely used in industrial and corporate settings. Orange, an open-source data mining and machine learning software suite. Python, an open-source programming language widely used in data mining and machine ...
More recently, a collection of summarisation techniques has been formulated under the heading of exploratory data analysis: an example of such a technique is the box plot. In the business world, descriptive statistics provides a useful summary of many types of data.