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  2. Dependency grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar

    The basic question about how syntactic dependencies are discerned has proven difficult to answer definitively. One should acknowledge in this area, however, that the basic task of identifying and discerning the presence and direction of the syntactic dependencies of DGs is no easier or harder than determining the constituent groupings of phrase ...

  3. Question answering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_answering

    Accepting natural language questions makes the system more user-friendly, but harder to implement, as there are a variety of question types and the system will have to identify the correct one in order to give a sensible answer. Assigning a question type to the question is a crucial task; the entire answer extraction process relies on finding ...

  4. Dependent statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_statement

    In grammar, a dependent statement is a statement converted into a noun clause, normally, in English, by the addition of that at the beginning, and made dependent on another clause (e.g. as subject or object).

  5. Dependent-marking language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent-marking_language

    A dependent-marking language has grammatical markers of agreement and case government between the words of phrases that tend to appear more on dependents than on heads.The distinction between head-marking and dependent-marking was first explored by Johanna Nichols in 1986, [1] and has since become a central criterion in language typology in which languages are classified according to whether ...

  6. Transitive dependency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_dependency

    In a computer program a direct dependency is functionality from a library, or API, or any software component that is referenced directly by the program itself.A transitive dependency is any dependency induced by a different component, that in turn is directly or indirectly referenced by the program.

  7. The Three Questions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Questions

    "The Three Questions" is a 1903 short story by Russian author Leo Tolstoy as part of the collection What Men Live By, and Other Tales. The story takes the form of a parable , and it concerns a king who wants to find the answers to what he considers the three most important questions in life.

  8. Wilcoxon signed-rank test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test

    For two matched samples, it is a paired difference test like the paired Student's t-test (also known as the "t-test for matched pairs" or "t-test for dependent samples"). The Wilcoxon test is a good alternative to the t-test when the normal distribution of the differences between paired individuals cannot be assumed. Instead, it assumes a ...

  9. Text (literary theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_(literary_theory)

    In literary theory, a text is any object that can be "read", whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing. [ citation needed ] It is a set of signs that is available to be reconstructed by a reader (or observer) if sufficient interpretants are available.