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Concept (top view): In a vehicle, motors M1 through M4 drive respective wheels independently, possibly through respective gear arrangements. Individual-wheel drive (IWD) is an automobile design in which the vehicle has an all-wheel drive powertrain that consists of multiple independent traction motors each supplying torque to a single drive wheel. [1]
This front-wheel drive vehicle has an electric motor that can drive the rear wheels when extra traction is needed. The system is disengaged in all other driving conditions, so it does not directly enhance performance or economy but allows the use of a smaller and more economical engine relative to total performance.
This technology was used by the first generations of the BYD Qin, BYD Song, BYD Tang and other models. BYD also offered an all-wheel drive version by adding a drive motor ("P4") to the rear axle. [234] The third-generation DM system (also called DM3.0) brought improved performance and smoother shifting by adding a belt-driven starter generator ...
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The name is an abbreviation of Universal Wheel Drive System. [2] The Uni Wheel is intended to gain the advantages of individual wheel drive without having to mount the motor directly to, or inside, the wheel. Instead, it subsumes the functions of constant-velocity joints, drive shaft and reduction gearing into a single system within the wheel. [1]
A torque vectoring differential requires an electronic monitoring system in addition to standard mechanical components. This electronic system tells the differential when and how to vary the torque. Due to the number of wheels that receive power, a front or rear wheel drive differential is less complex than an all-wheel drive differential.
The formula is defined as follows: A × B / C or A × B * C with: A = number of wheels (twin-mounted tires count as one wheel) B = number of driven wheels / = the fore of the rear axles is steered (pusher axle) * = the rearmost of the rear axles is steered (tag axle) C = number of steered wheels
The most common forms of all-wheel drive are: 1x1 All unicycles Reflects one axle with one wheel capable of being powered. 2x2 Some motorcycles and bikes Reflects two axles with one wheel on each capable of being powered. 4×4 (also, four-wheel drive or 4WD) Reflects two axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered.