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Choline chloride and choline bitartrate are used in dietary supplements. Bitartrate is used more often due to its lower hygroscopicity. [4] Certain choline salts are used to supplement chicken, turkey and some other animal feeds. Some salts are also used as industrial chemicals: for example, in photolithography to remove photoresist. [2]
Choline bitartrate – Choline bitartrate is a tartaric acid salt containing choline (41% choline by molecular weight). One meta-analysis found choline bitartrate to be ineffective at improving any measure of cognitive performance. [36] Citicoline – Compound consisting of choline and cytidine. A meta-analysis found that it may be effective ...
Choline bitartrate is a choline salt of tartaric acid. Choline bitartrate contains quaternary ammonium cations ((2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium [(CH 3) 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH] +) and bitartrate anions (HOOC−CH(OH)−CH(OH)−COO −). Quaternary ammonium cation is a cation in which all four hydrogen atoms of ammonium are replaced with organyl ...
Citicoline , also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline, a common biochemical process in cell membranes. Citicoline is naturally occurring in the cells of human and animal tissue, in particular the organs.
Bitartrate is an anion which is the conjugate base of tartaric acid. It may also refer to any salt or monoester of tartaric acid. Some examples of bitartrate salts include: Choline bitartrate; Cysteamine bitartrate; Dihydrocodeine bitartrate; Dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate; Hydrocodone bitartrate; Metaraminol bitartrate; Norepinephrine ...
Furthermore, only about 12 percent of phosphatidylcholine is actually choline. This adds up to a choline content of approximately 4 percent for lecithin. For example, 10 grams of lecithin has 2,500mg of phosphatidylcholine. [21] [19] Phosphatidylcholine is approximately 13.7% choline; as such, about 342mg of choline is present per 10 grams of ...
In general, the word "choline" describes the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. Found in most animal tissues, choline is a primary component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and functions with inositol as a basic constituent of lecithin. Choline also prevents fat deposits in the liver ...
Choline chloride is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999. [3] Industrially, it is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine, [4] or from the pre-formed salt: [5] Choline chloride can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol. [6]
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