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Altmetrics are a very broad group of metrics, capturing various parts of impact a paper or work can have. A classification of altmetrics was proposed by ImpactStory in September 2012, [38] and a very similar classification is used by the Public Library of Science: [39]
The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) coordinates U.S. federal government evaluation of new, revised, and alternative test methods. Alternative methods are methods for safety testing of chemicals and chemical products that use fewer or no animals or that minimize or prevent animal pain and ...
A test method is a method for a test in science or engineering, such as a physical test, chemical test, or statistical test. It is a definitive procedure that produces a test result. [ 1 ] In order to ensure accurate and relevant test results, a test method should be "explicit, unambiguous, and experimentally feasible.", [ 2 ] as well as ...
Verification is intended to check that a product, service, or system meets a set of design specifications. [6] [7] In the development phase, verification procedures involve performing special tests to model or simulate a portion, or the entirety, of a product, service, or system, then performing a review or analysis of the modeling results.
A very simple equivalence testing approach is the ‘two one-sided t-tests’ (TOST) procedure. [11] In the TOST procedure an upper (Δ U) and lower (–Δ L) equivalence bound is specified based on the smallest effect size of interest (e.g., a positive or negative difference of d = 0.3).
In statistics, the Jonckheere trend test [1] (sometimes called the Jonckheere–Terpstra [2] test) is a test for an ordered alternative hypothesis within an independent samples (between-participants) design. It is similar to the Kruskal-Wallis test in that the null hypothesis is that several independent samples are from the same population ...
Repeated measures design is a research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. [1]
Finnish Center for Alternative Methods (FICAM), since 2008 [115] FRANCOPA is the French platform dedicated to development, validation, and dissemination of alternative methods in animal testing. It was created on November 16, 2007. [116] The Italian Centro 3R was created in 2017. It is an interuniversity center dedicated to the promotion of the ...