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Chronic atrophic rhinitis, or simply atrophic rhinitis, is a chronic inflammation of the nose characterised by atrophy of nasal mucosa, including the glands, turbinate bones and the nerve elements supplying the nose. Chronic atrophic rhinitis may be primary and secondary. Special forms of chronic atrophic rhinitis are rhinitis sicca anterior ...
This syndrome is often referred to as a form of secondary atrophic rhinitis. ENS is a potential complication of nasal turbinate surgery or injury. [1] [2] Patients have usually undergone a turbinectomy (removal or reduction of structures inside the nose called turbinates) or other surgical procedures that injure the nasal turbinates.
Non-allergic rhinitis can co-exist with allergic rhinitis, and is referred to as "mixed rhinitis". [24] The pathology of vasomotor rhinitis appears to involve neurogenic inflammation [25] and is as yet not very well understood. The role of transient receptor potential ion channels on the non-neuronal nasal epithelial cells has also been suggested.
Nonallergic rhinitis displays symptoms including chronic sneezing or having a congested, drippy nose, without an identified allergic reaction with allergy testing being normal. [1] [2] Other common terms for nonallergic rhinitis are vasomotor rhinitis [3] [4] and perennial rhinitis. The prevalence of nonallergic rhinitis in otolaryngology is 40%.
The onset is usually sudden, and there is often rhinitis. [2] Adenovirus infection can also cause adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. [2] Typically one eye is affected after an incubation period of up to a week. [2] The eye becomes itchy, painful, burning and reddish and lymphadenopathy may be felt by the ear nearest the affected eye. [2]
Just as with allergic rhinitis, people can have either seasonal or perennial local allergic rhinitis. The symptoms of local allergic rhinitis can be mild, moderate, or severe. Local allergic rhinitis is associated with conjunctivitis and asthma. [42] In one study, about 25% of people with rhinitis had local allergic rhinitis. [45]
Interestingly, a man treated in Geneva whose possible HIV cure was announced last year had a donor with two normal copies of the CCR5 gene. So his transplanted immune cells were not HIV-resistant.
Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies (such as insect bites) and asthma. [1] [2] Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.