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An epinephrine autoinjector (or adrenaline autoinjector, also known by the trademark EpiPen) is a medical device for injecting a measured dose or doses of epinephrine (adrenaline) by means of autoinjector technology. It is most often used for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The first epinephrine autoinjector was brought to market in 1983.
The commonly used epinephrine autoinjector delivers a 0.3 mg epinephrine injection (0.3 mL, 1:1000). [citation needed] It is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis to stings, contrast agents, medicines, or people with a history of anaphylactic reactions to known triggers.
The number of people who get anaphylaxis is 4–100 per 100,000 persons per year, [10] [54] with a lifetime risk of 0.05–2%. [55] About 30% of affected people get more than one attack. [ 54 ] Exercise-induced anaphylaxis affects about 1 in 2000 young people.
The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first nasal spray epinephrine drug for severe allergic reactions known as anaphylaxis, providing a needle-free alternative to EpiPens and similar ...
While a number of side effects have been associated with sublingual immunotherapy, serious adverse effects are very rare (about 1.4/100,000 doses), and there has not been a reported fatality. [16] There have been a small number of reports of anaphylaxis. [16] The majority of side effects are 'local' and usually resolve within a few days. [16]
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication [10] [11] which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). [10] [12] It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. [13]
However, about 4-12 hours after antigen exposure, a cough and wheezing may persist in the patient, along with swelling and redness of the skin. This is known as the late-phase hypersensitivity reaction which can last from approximately 1-3 days and is caused by the release of additional mediators from the mast cells and basophils.
Epinephrine autoinjectors are portable single-dose epinephrine-dispensing devices used to treat anaphylaxis. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the first-line treatment for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). If administered in a timely manner, epinephrine can reverse its effects. Epinephrine relieves airway swelling and obstruction, and improves ...