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Segmental blood pressure is used to measure actual limb blood pressure, to assess and locate arterial occlusion. On the legs, pressure is measured at the ankle, below the knee, above the knee, and mid-thigh. On the arm, measurements are taken at the wrist, below the elbow, above the elbow, and mid-upper arm. [1]
The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium). Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg suggests blocked arteries due to peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Typically, the blood pressure obtained via palpation is around 10 mmHg lower than the pressure obtained via auscultation. In general, the examiner can avoid being confused by an auscultatory gap by always inflating a blood pressure cuff to 20-40 mmHg higher than the pressure required to occlude the brachial pulse .
A sphygmomanometer (/ ˌ s f ɪ ɡ m oʊ m ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ t ə r / SFIG-moh-mə-NO-mi-tər), also known as a blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, [1] and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure.
(Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow and of the laws that govern the circulation of blood in the blood vessels.) [5] It follows that the examiner's knowledge of venous hemodynamics is crucial, which can be a real barrier to a radiologist, untrained in this field, who might wish to carry out these examinations.
When measuring blood pressure in the home, an accurate reading requires that one not drink coffee, smoke cigarettes, or engage in strenuous exercise for 30 minutes before taking the reading. A full bladder may have a small effect on blood pressure readings; if the urge to urinate arises, one should do so before the reading.
The Sindh Health Department is the provincial department that oversees healthcare for the Pakistani province of Sindh. Several are held responsible for running the department including a cabinet minister and health secretary which are members of the Government of Sindh .
An X-ray is used to guide the catheter to the area of blockage. A dye is inserted through the catheter to make the places of blockage visible. When the catheter is in position, a thin wire with a balloon is guided to the place of blockage. The balloon is inflated to widen the artery, allowing the blood to flow freely.