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The cause of proximal enteritis is not definitively known. [2] Both Salmonella and Clostridial species have been isolated from gastric reflux contents of affected horses. Salmonella has not been consistently found in all horses with DPJ, although one study cultured toxigenic Clostridial species in 100% of affected horses. [ 2 ]
The sand can cause colic signs similar to other impactions of the large colon, and often causes abdominal distention [17] As the sand or dirt irritates the lining of the bowel it can cause diarrhea. The weight and abrasion of the sand or dirt causes the bowel wall to become inflamed and can cause a reduction in colonic motility and, in severe ...
These include bowel disorders (diarrhoea, constipation, irritable bowel), eosinophilic gastroenteritis and increase with coeliac disease (CD) severity. With some early onset and a large percentage of late onset disease, other disorders appear prior to the coeliac diagnosis [ 1 ] or allergic-like responses (IgE or IgA, IgG) markedly increased in ...
Autoimmune causes of enteritis such as Crohn's disease require significant chronic treatment to avoid nutritional deficiencies, cancer, bacterial overgrowth, and other complications. [5] Some patients with mild forms of the disease may not need treatment, but a majority of people with Crohn's disease require glucocorticoid medications. [24]
E. Eastern equine encephalitis; Endometrosis; Epizootic lymphangitis; Equid alphaherpesvirus 4; Equid gammaherpesvirus 2; Equid gammaherpesvirus 5; Equine atypical myopathy
The discovery of the first torovirus can be traced back to 1970s. Equine torovirus (EToV) was accidentally found in the rectal sample from a horse who was experiencing severe diarrhea. The 'Breda' bovine torovirus was later found in 1979 while investigation in a dairy farm in Breda. They had several calves experiencing severe diarrhea for months.
Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
Enramycin has been found to be very effective against Gram-positive gut pathogens, most notably, Clostridium perfringens; a leading cause of necrotic enteritis. [citation needed] The following represents MIC data for a couple of veterinary pathogens. [3] Clostridium perfringens: 0.05 μg/ml – 1.6 μg/ml