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  2. Eclogite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclogite

    Eclogite (/ ˈ ɛ k l ə dʒ aɪ t /) is a metamorphic rock containing garnet (almandine-pyrope) hosted in a matrix of sodium-rich pyroxene . Accessory minerals include kyanite, rutile, quartz, lawsonite, coesite, amphibole, phengite, paragonite, zoisite, dolomite, corundum and, rarely, diamond. The chemistry of primary and accessory minerals ...

  3. Garnet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnet

    Almandine in metamorphic rock. Almandine, sometimes incorrectly called almandite, is the modern gem known as carbuncle (though originally almost any red gemstone was known by this name). [16] The term "carbuncle" is derived from the Latin meaning "live coal" or burning charcoal.

  4. Peridot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridot

    Peridot (/ ˈ p ɛ r ɪ ˌ d ɒ t,-ˌ d oʊ / PERR-ih-dot, -⁠⁠doh), sometimes called chrysolite, is a yellow-green transparent variety of olivine.Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color.

  5. Peridotite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridotite

    Peridotite is named for the gemstone peridot, a glassy green gem originally mined on St. John's Island in the Red Sea [65] and now mined on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona. [ 66 ] Peridotite that has been hydrated at low temperatures is the protolith for serpentinite , which may include chrysotile asbestos (a form of ...

  6. Quartzite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzite

    Quartzite can have a grainy, glassy, sandpaper-like surface. Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone. [1] [2] Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts.

  7. Andalusite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusite

    Andalusite is a common metamorphic mineral which forms under low pressure and low to high temperatures. The minerals kyanite and sillimanite are polymorphs of andalusite, each occurring under different temperature-pressure regimes and are therefore rarely found together in the same rock.

  8. Pegmatite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegmatite

    A metamorphic pegmatite would be formed by removal of volatiles from metamorphic rocks, particularly felsic gneiss, to liberate the right constituents and water, at the right temperature. A metasomatic pegmatite would be formed by hydrothermal circulation of hot alteration fluids upon a rock mass, with bulk chemical and textural change.

  9. Metasomatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasomatism

    In the igneous environment, metasomatism produces skarns, greisen, and may affect hornfels in the contact metamorphic aureole adjacent to an intrusive rock mass. In the metamorphic environment, metasomatism is driven by mass transfer from a volume of metamorphic rock at higher stress and temperature into a zone with lower stress and temperature ...

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