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The T4 virus initiates an Escherichia coli infection by binding OmpC porin proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the surface of E. coli cells with its long tail fibers (LTF). [16] [17] A recognition signal is sent through the LTFs to the baseplate. This unravels the short tail fibers (STF) that bind irreversibly to the E. coli cell surface.
They investigated the oral administration of Escherichia coli phage T4 and found no adverse effects of the treatment. [medical citation needed] Historical record shows that phages are safe, with mild side effects, if any. [119] Still, administering bacteriophages can induce an immune response. [120]
The enterobacteria phage T4, a highly studied phage, targets E. coli for infection. [citation needed] While phage therapy as a treatment for E. coli is unavailable in the US, some commercially available dietary supplements contain strains of phage that target E. coli and have been shown to reduce E. coli load in healthy subjects. [60]
[6] [7] [8] There have been results showing that T4 phages that are small in size and short-tailed can be helpful in detecting E. coli in the human body. [34] Therapeutic efficacy of a phage cocktail was evaluated in a mouse model with nasal infection of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. Mice treated with the phage cocktail showed a 2.3 ...
E. coli was an integral part of the first experiments to understand phage genetics, [120] and early researchers, such as Seymour Benzer, used E. coli and phage T4 to understand the topography of gene structure. [121] Prior to Benzer's research, it was not known whether the gene was a linear structure, or if it had a branching pattern. [122]
Deoxyribonuclease IV (phage-T4-induced) (EC 3.1.21.2, endodeoxyribonuclease IV (phage T4-induced), E. coli endonuclease IV, endodeoxyribonuclease, redoxyendonuclease, deoxriboendonuclease, Escherichia coli endonuclease II, endonuclease II, DNA-adenine-transferase) is catalyzes the degradation nucleotides [1] in DsDNA by attacking the 5'-terminal end.
Enterobacteria phage λ (lambda phage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli (E. coli). It was discovered by Esther Lederberg in 1950. [2]
In a 1945 study by Demerec and Fano, [4] T7 was used to describe one of the seven phage types (T1 to T7) that grow lytically on Escherichia coli. [5] Although all seven phages were numbered arbitrarily, phages with odd numbers, or T-odd phages, were later discovered to share morphological and biochemical features that distinguish them from T-even phages. [6]