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Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / ⓘ GAY-lik), [3] [4] [5] is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. [4] [6] [7] [8] [3] It is a member of the Goidelic languages of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland. [9]
The Irish bardic system, along with the Gaelic culture and learned classes, were upset by the plantations and went into decline. Among the last of the true bardic poets were Brian Mac Giolla Phádraig (c. 1580–1652) and Dáibhí Ó Bruadair (1625–1698). The Irish poets of the late 17th and 18th centuries moved toward more modern dialects.
[8] [9] [10] Old Irish can be divided into two periods: Early Old Irish, also called Archaic Irish (c. 7th century), and Old Irish (8th–9th century). [11] One of the most notable Old Irish texts was the Senchas Már, a series of early legal tracts that are alleged to "have been redacted from a pre-Christian original by Saint Patrick." [12]
Not all Irish given names have English equivalents, though most names have an anglicised form. Some Irish names have false cognates, i.e. names that look similar but are not etymologically related, e.g. Áine is commonly accepted as the Irish equivalent of the etymologically unrelated names Anna and Anne.
(from cailín meaning "young woman") a girl (usually referring to an Irish girl) (OED). corrie a cirque or mountain lake, of glacial origin. (OED) Irish or Scots Gaelic coire 'Cauldron, hollow' craic fun, used in Ireland for fun/enjoyment. The word is actually English in origin; it entered into Irish from the English "crack" via Ulster Scots.
Colloquially in Gaeltachtaí (Irish-speaking areas) and some other areas it remains customary to use a name formed by the first name (or nickname), followed by the father and the paternal grandfather's name, both in the genitive case, e.g. Seán Ó Cathasaigh (Seán O'Casey), son of Pól, son of Séamus, would be known to his neighbours as Seán Phóil Shéamuis.
Áth Cliath means "hurdled ford" and is the main Irish name for Dublin. Fermanagh: 1584/5 Ulster: Fear Manach "Men of Manach". Manach may come from Old Irish Magh Eanagh, "Country of the Lakes", making the whole derivation "Men (or Tribe) of the Country of the Lakes". [4] Galway: 1565 Connacht: Gaillimh
Others exist in portmanteau with words of Irish or English origin, such as Castletownroche, which combines the English Castletown and the French Roche, meaning rock. Most widespread is the term Pallas (from Norman paleis , "boundary fence") which appears in over 20 place names, including the towns Pallasgreen and Pallaskenry . [ 19 ]