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Hemivertebrae are wedge-shaped vertebrae and therefore can cause an angle in the spine (such as kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis). Among the congenital vertebral anomalies, hemivertebrae are the most likely to cause neurologic problems. [5] The most common location is the midthoracic vertebrae, especially the eighth (T8). [6]
It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2] Some babies are born with very small differences compared to typical development, and others have significant changes.
Although Hippocratic doctors were aware of developmental abnormalities involving the lower spine, the first person to describe a spinal spina bifida was a Persian physician Al-Razi (Rhazes, 865–925 AD). [87] [88] [89] He gave the earliest accurate account of the morbid anatomy associated with spina bifida. [90]
A bifid rib is a congenital abnormality of the rib cage and associated muscles and nerves which occurs in about 1.2% of humans. Bifid ribs occur in up to 8.4% of Samoans. [1] The sternal end of the rib is cleaved into two. It is usually unilateral. [2]
Bertolotti's syndrome is a commonly missed cause of back pain which occurs due to lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). It is a congenital condition but is not usually symptomatic until one's later twenties or early thirties. [1] However, there are a few cases of Bertolotti's that become symptomatic at a much earlier age.
The body of the vertebra and the vertebral arch form the vertebral foramen, the larger, central opening that accommodates the spinal canal, which encloses and protects the spinal cord. Vertebrae articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front aspects determines the range of ...
The three categories treated for types of spinal cord deficiencies are massive fusion of the cervical spine (Type I), the fusion of 1 or 2 vertebrae (Type II), and the presence of thoracic and lumbar spine anomalies in association with type I or type II Klippel–Feil syndrome (Type III). [citation needed]
A cervical rib in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra.Their presence is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.2% [6] to 0.5% [7] (1 in 200 to 500) of the population. [8]