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A splenectomy is the surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen. The spleen is an important organ in regard to immunological function due to its ability to efficiently destroy encapsulated bacteria .
An overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) is a rare but rapidly fatal infection occurring in individuals following removal (or permanent dysfunction) of the spleen. The infections are typically characterized by either meningitis or sepsis , and are caused by encapsulated organisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae . [ 3 ]
Splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen. Autosplenectomy is where certain diseases destroy the spleen's function. Stapedectomy is the removal of ossified stapes from the ear that are then replaced by a prosthesis. Sympathectomy is the cutting of the nerves. Synovectomy is the removal of the synovial membrane of a synovial joint.
The spleen is an important immunological organ that acts as a filter for red blood cells, triggers phagocytosis of invaders, and mounts an immunological response when necessary. [2] Lack of a spleen, called asplenia, can occur by autosplenectomy or the surgical counterpart, splenectomy. Asplenia can increase susceptibility to infection. [3]
Tonsillectomy · Adenoidectomy · Thymectomy · Splenectomy · Lymphadenectomy: Thymus transplantation · Spleen transplantation · Splenopexy · Lymph node biopsy: GI/mouth: Uvulopalatoplasty · Palatoplasty
Acquired asplenia occurs for several reasons: . Following splenectomy due to splenic rupture from trauma or because of tumor; After splenectomy with the goal of interfering with splenic function, as a treatment for diseases (e.g. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, spherocytosis), in which the spleen's usual activity exacerbates the disease
Splenectomy involves ligation of three splenic attachments (splenorenal ligament, splenocolic ligament and splenophrenic ligament) to mobilize the spleen. The splenorenal ligament is located laterally, the splenocolic ligament inferiorly and the splenophrenic ligament superiorly. followed by suture ligation of the splenic blood supply.
Splenosis in the abdominal category may occur in up to 65% of traumatic ruptures of the spleen. [3] Splenosis in the thoracic cavity is rarer, because it requires the simultaneous rupture of the diaphragm. The implantation of spleen tissue under the skin may result from abdominal surgery or gunshot wounds. Splenosis of the brain or liver is ...