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The quantity is called the relative redundancy and gives the maximum possible data compression ratio, when expressed as the percentage by which a file size can be decreased. (When expressed as a ratio of original file size to compressed file size, the quantity R : r {\displaystyle R:r} gives the maximum compression ratio that can be achieved.)
"Don't repeat yourself" (DRY), also known as "duplication is evil", is a principle of software development aimed at reducing repetition of information which is likely to change, replacing it with abstractions that are less likely to change, or using data normalization which avoids redundancy in the first place.
Such data usually contains abundant amounts of spatial and temporal redundancy. Video compression algorithms attempt to reduce redundancy and store information more compactly. Most video compression formats and codecs exploit both spatial and temporal redundancy (e.g. through difference coding with motion compensation). Similarities can be ...
In the field of data compression, Shannon coding, named after its creator, Claude Shannon, is a lossless data compression technique for constructing a prefix code based on a set of symbols and their probabilities (estimated or measured).
There is no redundancy, however, in the following code: #define max(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B)) int random ( int cutoff , int range ) { return max ( cutoff , rand () % range ); } If the initial call to rand(), modulo range, is greater than or equal to cutoff, rand() will be called a second time for a second computation of rand()%range, which may ...
A redundant bit may be a complicated function of many original information bits. The original information may or may not appear literally in the encoded output; codes that include the unmodified input in the output are systematic , while those that do not are non-systematic .
They use four neural networks to approximate the functions of polar decoding: the embedding (E) NN, the check-node (F) NN, the bit-node (G) NN, and the embedding-to-LLR (H) NN. The weights of these NNs are determined by estimating the mutual information of the synthetic channels.
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [32] Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional ...