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[6] Diagnosis of blepharospasm has been enhanced by the proposal of objective diagnostic criteria that start from "stereotyped, bilateral and synchronous orbicularis oculi spasms" and proceed to the identification of a "sensory trick" or "increased blinking". [38] The criteria have been validated across multiple ethnicities in multiple centers ...
The main symptoms involve involuntary blinking and chin thrusting. Some patients may experience excessive tongue protrusion, squinting, light sensitivity, muddled speech, or uncontrollable contraction of the platysma muscle. Some Meige's patients also have "laryngeal dystonia" (spasms of the larynx). Blepharospasm may lead to embarrassment in ...
Previously, the Harding FPA Test [3] [4] was used to assess content, however this has been replaced by software such as BATON [5] or Vidchecker. [6] Ofcom regularly updates their definition of a flashing sequence. [7] [8] This is an objective standard of assessment of potential to trigger seizures in the susceptible population. This test is not ...
[5] [6] Not all cases of epilepsy are lifelong, and many people improve to the point that treatment is no longer needed. [1] As of 2021, about 51 million people have epilepsy. Nearly 80% of cases occur in the developing world. [1] [8] In 2021, it resulted in 140,000 deaths, an increase from 125,000 in 1990.
The prevalence of JME is approximately 0.1–0.2 per 1,000, constituting approximately 5–10% of all epilepsies. [8] Some studies suggest that JME is slightly more common in females than males. [9] The onset of symptoms ranges between the ages of 8 and 36 years, peaking between 12 and 18 years [3] with a mean (average) of 15 years. [10]
A gelastic seizure, also known as "gelastic epilepsy", is a rare type of seizure that involves a sudden burst of energy, usually in the form of laughing. [1] This syndrome usually occurs for no obvious reason and is uncontrollable.
Panayiotopoulos syndrome (named after C. P. Panayiotopoulos) is a common idiopathic childhood-related seizure disorder that occurs exclusively in otherwise normal children (idiopathic epilepsy) and manifests mainly with autonomic epileptic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus. [1]
Treatment of myoclonus focuses on medications that may help reduce symptoms. Drugs used include sodium valproate, clonazepam, the anticonvulsant levetiracetam, and piracetam. [8] Dosages of clonazepam usually are increased gradually until the patient improves or side effects become harmful. Drowsiness and loss of coordination are common side ...