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Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists [2] are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca 2+) through calcium channels. [3] Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) preferentially block the L-type voltage-gated calcium channels to prevent the flow of calcium influx in the blood vessels and the heart, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output respectively. [10] Dihydropyridines (DHP): amlodipine, nifedipine, felodipine, nicardipine
Despite current guidelines recommending β-blockers and calcium-channel blockers as first-line therapy, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating their superiority over second-line therapies. In this comprehensive review, it is crucial to emphasize that, thus far, neither drugs nor interventions that reduce ischemia have been shown to prolong ...
History of Calcium Channel Blockers. In 1883, Ringer discovered the involvement of calcium for cellular activity on isolated heart. [73] Later in 1901, Stiles reported the same activity in muscle contraction. [73] In the early 1940s, Kamada (from Japan) and Heilbrunn (from the United States) noted how calcium was involved with muscle ...
Studies have shown that the intrathecal injection of the calcium channel inhibitor ziconotide, to block the N-type calcium channels, have produced alleviation of intractable pain. [12] Blockade of the N-type calcium channel is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of alcoholism. Because prolonged alcohol exposure over time has been ...
Note that an ion channel may overlap between different categories. Some channels conduct multiple ion currents and some are gated by multiple mechanisms. Examples of targets for modulators include: Voltage-gated ion channels. Calcium channel: see also Calcium channel blocker, Calcium channel opener
7 Calcium channel blockers. 8 Antimineralocorticoid. 9 Antiplatelet drug. 10 Anticoagulant. 11 Fibrinolytics. 12 Diuretics. 13 References. Toggle the table of contents.
Voltage-gated sodium channel or. voltage-dependent calcium channel (calciumopathy) Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Voltage-gated calcium channel Long QT syndrome main type Romano-Ward syndrome: various, by type Malignant hyperthermia: Ligand-gated calcium channel Mucolipidosis type IV: Non-selective cation channel Myotonia congenita