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Degrees Brix (symbol °Bx) is a measure of the dissolved solids in a liquid, based on its specific gravity, and is commonly used to measure dissolved sugar content of a solution. [1] One degree Brix is 1 gram of sucrose in 100 grams of solution and represents the strength of the solution as percentage by mass .
The Baumé scale is a pair of hydrometer scales developed by French pharmacist Antoine Baumé in 1768 to measure density of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as degrees Baumé, B°, Bé° and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present).
Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
The proportionality factor is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, often simply referred to as the viscosity. It is denoted by the Greek letter mu ( μ ). The dynamic viscosity has the dimensions ( m a s s / l e n g t h ) / t i m e {\displaystyle \mathrm {(mass/length)/time} } , therefore resulting in the SI units and the derived units :
A rough conversion between specific gravity, SG, and either degrees Brix, Plato or Balling can be made by dividing the thousandths of SG above 1 (which is often referred to as gravity points) by 4. So a specific gravity of 1.048 has 48 gravity points, and 48 divided by 4 would be approximately 12 degrees Plato, Balling or Brix.
A classical hand-held Brix refractometer. Brix (°Bx): Used in Italy, France, and Canada. Klosterneuburger Mostwaage (KMW): Used in Austria. The scale is divided into Klosterneuburger Zuckergrade (°KMW). However, the KMW measures the exact sugar content of the must. Normalizovaný moštoměr (°NM): Used in the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.
Understanding the temperature dependence of viscosity is important for many applications, for instance engineering lubricants that perform well under varying temperature conditions (such as in a car engine), since the performance of a lubricant depends in part on its viscosity.
The dilute gas viscosity contribution to the total viscosity of a fluid will only be important when predicting the viscosity of vapors at low pressures or the viscosity of dense fluids at high temperatures. The viscosity model for dilute gas, that is shown above, is widely used throughout the industry and applied science communities.