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Additives are used for many purposes but the main uses are: Acids Food acids are added to make flavors "sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants. Common food acids include vinegar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, folic acid, fumaric acid, and lactic acid.
Except where stated, the list of INS numbers and associated food additives is based on the most recent publication of the Codex Alimentarius, [2] Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives, first published in 1989, with revisions in 2008 and 2011. E number and American approval flags are derived from other sources.
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar ( pickling ), salt ( salting ), smoke ( smoking ) and sugar ( crystallization ), have been used for centuries to preserve food .
Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added, in 1970 antioxidants were added, in 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well. [4]
Examples of food emulsifiers are: Egg yolk – in which the main emulsifying and thickening agent is lecithin. Mustard [23] – where a variety of chemicals in the mucilage surrounding the seed hull act as emulsifiers; Soy lecithin is another emulsifier and thickener; Pickering stabilization – uses particles under certain circumstances
Dough conditioners may include enzymes, yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants, bleaching agents and emulsifiers. [1] They are food additives combined with flour to improve baking functionality. Flour treatment agents are used to increase the speed of dough rising and to improve the strength and workability of the dough.
Acidulants can also function as leavening agents and emulsifiers in some kinds of processed foods. [1] Though acidulants can lower pH they differ from acidity regulators , which are food additives specifically intended to modify the stability of food or enzymes within it.
Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods. [3] It takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid. It is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas.