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Associated signs include a lack of epidural fat at the posterior wall of the vertebral body, the presence of radicular cysts, [18] anterior meningoceles, nerve root sleeve herniation and gradual erosion of the vertebral bodies (scalloping). [19]
Scalloping vertebrae is the increase in the concavity of the posterior vertebral body. It can be seen on lateral X-ray and sagittal views of CT and MRI scans. Its concavity is due to the increased pressure exerting on the vertebrae due to a mass.
DISH is diagnosed by findings on x-ray studies. Radiographs of the spine will show abnormal bone formation (ossification) along the anterior spinal ligament. The disc spaces, facet and sacroiliac joints remain unaffected. Diagnosis requires confluent ossification of at least four contiguous vertebral bodies. [2]
Gibbus deformity most often develops in young children as a result of spinal tuberculosis and is the result of collapse of vertebral bodies. [1] [2] [3] This can in turn lead to spinal cord compression causing paraplegia. [4] [5]
Tarlov cysts are most commonly located in the S1 to S4/S5 region of the spinal canal, but can be found along any region of the spine.They usually form on the extradural components of sacrococcygeal nerve roots at the junction of dorsal root ganglion and posterior nerve roots and arise between the endoneurium and perineurium. [10]
The Hangman's fracture which is a fracture of the C2 vertebral body or dens of the cervical spine upon which the skull base sits to allow the head to rotate, can also be associated with atlanto-occipital dislocation. Despite its eponym, the fracture is not usually associated with a hanging mechanism of injury.
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In the case that body tissue is infected with bacteria, this will, in most cases, lead to the patient being given treatment with antibiotics, which in most cases will cure the infection. A research group led by Gilligan has presented a description of how they hypothesize 4 stages, from infection of the discus to developing Modic changes in the ...
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