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Cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is an autosomal recessive late-onset heredodegenerative multisystem neurological disease. The symptoms include poor balance and difficulty walking. Chronic cough and difficulty swallowing may also be present.
MSA was first described in 1960 by Milton Shy and Glen Drager and was then known as Shy–Drager syndrome. [ 2 ] Many people affected by MSA experience dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system , which commonly manifests as orthostatic hypotension , impotence , loss of sweating , dry mouth and urinary retention and incontinence .
The diagnosis of neonatal/infantile Canavan disease relies on the demonstration of a very high concentration of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) in the urine. In mild/juvenile Canavan disease, NAA may only be slightly elevated; thus, the diagnosis relies on molecular genetic testing of ASPA , the gene encoding the enzyme aspartoacylase.
Symptoms of sensory neuropathy may sometimes precede the cancer diagnosis by several months. Immune mediated sensory neuronopathy is commonly associated with Sjogrens syndrome . [ 5 ] Sjogren's is most commonly affected by a length dependent axonal sensorimotor neuropathy characterized by symptoms in the extremities.
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CAPOS syndrome is a rare genetic neurological disorder which is characterized by abnormalities of the feet, eyes and brain which affect their normal function. These symptoms occur episodically when a fever-related infection is present within the body.
Changes in muscle performance can be broadly described as the upper motor neuron syndrome. These changes vary depending on the site and the extent of the lesion, and may include: Muscle weakness. [2] known as 'pyramidal weakness' Sloth sign. Decreased control of active movement, particularly slowness
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), popularly known as Kennedy's disease, is a rare, adult-onset, X-linked recessive lower motor neuron disease caused by trinucleotide CAG repeat expansions in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which results in both loss of AR function and toxic gain of function.