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This can also be remedied by the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3). Sodium bicarbonate is also commonly used to neutralise acid spills in laboratories, as well as acid burns. In chemical synthesis of nanomaterials, the heat of neutralization reaction can be used to facilitate the chemical reduction of metal precursors. [3]
Sodium bisulfate is produced as an intermediate in the Mannheim process, an industrial process involving the reaction of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid: [1] NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → HCl + NaHSO 4. The process for the formation of sodium bisulfate is highly exothermic. The liquid sodium bisulfate is sprayed and cooled so that it forms a solid bead.
Sodium bicarbonate can sometimes be used as a mild neutralization agent and a safer alternative to strong bases like sodium hydroxide. [79] Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an acid produces a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water: [79] NaHCO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 O+CO 2 H 2 CO 3 → H 2 O + CO 2 (g)
This reaction was employed in the Leblanc process, a defunct industrial route to sodium carbonate. Sodium sulfate reacts with sulfuric acid to give the acid salt sodium bisulfate: [9] [10] Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 SO 4 ⇌ 2 NaHSO 4. Sodium sulfate displays a moderate tendency to form double salts.
In the first step, sodium chloride is treated with sulfuric acid in the Mannheim process. This reaction produces sodium sulfate (called the salt cake) and hydrogen chloride: 2 NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → Na 2 SO 4 + 2 HCl. This chemical reaction had been discovered in 1772 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
Most of the carbonic acid then dissociates to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper ...
The ammonia from reaction (III) is recycled back to the initial brine solution of reaction (I). The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) precipitate from reaction (I) is then converted to the final product, sodium carbonate (washing soda: Na 2 CO 3), by calcination (160–230 °C), producing water and carbon dioxide as byproducts:
The Piria reaction. In the Tyrer sulfonation process (1917), [7] at some time of technological importance, benzene vapor is led through a vessel containing 90% sulfuric acid the temperature of which is increased from 100 to 180°C. Water and benzene are continuously removed and the benzene fed back to the vessel.