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Additionally, valence bond theory cannot explain electronic transitions and spectroscopic properties as effectively as MO theory. Furthermore, while VBT employs hybridization to explain bonding, it can oversimplify complex bonding situations, limiting its applicability in more intricate molecular geometries such as transition metal compounds. [11]
Possible geometries for steric numbers of 10, 11, 12, or 14 are bicapped square antiprismatic (or bicapped dodecadeltahedral), octadecahedral, icosahedral, and bicapped hexagonal antiprismatic, respectively.
Heitler and London's original work on VBT attempts to approximate the electronic wavefunction as a covalent combination of localized basis functions on the bonding atoms. [6] In VBT, wavefunctions are described as the sums and differences of VB determinants, which enforce the antisymmetric properties required by the Pauli exclusion principle.
Hence the requirement of indistinguishability of quantum particles is presented by the symmetrization postulate. The postulate is applicable to a system of bosons or fermions, for example, in predicting the spectra of helium atom. The postulate, explained in the following sections, can be stated as follows:
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In this molecule, 24 of the 30 total valence bonding electrons – 24 coming from carbon atoms and 6 coming from hydrogen atoms – are located in 12 σ (sigma) bonding orbitals, which are located mostly between pairs of atoms (C–C or C–H), similarly to the electrons in the valence bond description.
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