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A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The rigid triangular elements of the dome distribute stress throughout the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their size.
The geodesic dome was designed by Thomas C. Howard, the owner of Synergetics, Inc., in Raleigh, North Carolina. Thomas C. Howard designed many other geodesic domes, such as Climatron Conservatory at Missouri Botanical Gardens, the Union Tank Car Company dome (now demolished) in Baton Rouge, LA, and Poliedro de Caracas in Venezuela.
A dome (from Latin domus) is an architectural element similar to the hollow upper half of a sphere. There is significant overlap with the term cupola, which may also refer to a dome or a structure on top of a dome. The precise definition of a dome has been a matter of controversy and there are a wide variety of forms and specialized terms to ...
Geodesic domes are typically based on triangular facetings of this geometry with example structures found across the world, popularized by Buckminster Fuller. An example can be found in the model of a buckminsterfullerene, a truncated icosahedron-shaped geodesic dome allotrope of elemental carbon discovered in 1985. [17]
Geodesic dome: 1983 – 1991 162 530 Tacoma Dome: Tacoma, United States Merit Co. Geodesic dome: since 1991 163.4 536 Superior Dome: Marquette, United States State of Michigan/Northern Michigan University: Geodesic dome: Cast iron: 1811 – 1881 39.0 128.0 Bourse de commerce (previously the Halle aux blés) Paris, France First French Empire
Geodesic polyhedra are a good approximation to a sphere for many purposes, and appear in many different contexts. The most well-known may be the geodesic domes, hemispherical architectural structures designed by Buckminster Fuller, which geodesic polyhedra are named after. Geodesic grids used in geodesy also have the geometry of geodesic polyhedra.
Bloedel Floral Conservatory, one of the earliest Triodetic domes. Triodetic connectors were invented in 1955 by the Canadian Arthur E. Fentiman (1918–93), and patented in 1958. [1] [2] The system was developed further by A. E. Fentiman's brother, Harold Gordon ("Bud") Fentiman (1921–86) and was in commercial use by 1960.
Structurally, geodesic domes are considered shells when the loads are borne by the surface polygons, as in the Kaiser Dome, but are considered space grid structures when the loads are borne by point-to-point members. [114] A geodesic dome made of welded steel tubes was made in 1935 for the aviary of the Rome Zoo. [105]
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