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The tobacco-specific nitrosamines are present in cigarette smoke and to a lesser degree in "smokeless" tobacco products such as dipping tobacco and chewing tobacco; additional information has shown that trace amounts of NNN and NNK have been detected in e-cigarettes. [3] They are present in trace amounts in snus. They are important carcinogens ...
N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine produced during the curing and processing of tobacco. NNN from synthesis of nicotine and nitrous acid.
A common way ordinary consumers are exposed to nitrosamines is through tobacco use and cigarette smoke. [14] Tobacco-specific nitrosamines also can be found in American dip snuff, chewing tobacco, and to a much lesser degree, snus (127.9 ppm for American dip snuff compared to 2.8 ppm in Swedish snuff or snus). [16]
Based on the aggregated intelligence of 180,000-plus investors participating in Motley Fool CAPS, the Fool's free investing community, smokeless tobacco products specialist Star Scientific has ...
Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines derived from nicotine. It plays an important role in carcinogenesis . [ 1 ] The conversion of nicotine to NNK entails opening of the pyrrolidine ring.
NMOR is a component of tobacco products. As of 2014, detectable levels of NMOR are present in tobacco products in the United States and China. [6] [7] The presence of NMOR and other n-nitrosoamines is not limited to cigarettes, but is found in smokeless tobacco products (snuff tobacco, Snus, etc.) as well. [8]
The metabolic activation of nitrosamine in tobacco by cytochrome P450 enzymes may lead to the formation of N-nitrosonornicotine, a major carcinogen, and micronuclei, which are an indicator of genotoxicity. These effects lead to further DNA damage and, eventually, oral cancer. [12] Other chemicals found in tobacco can also cause cancer. [27]
Tobacco smoke contains a number of toxicologically significant chemicals and groups of chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzopyrene), tobacco-specific nitrosamines (NNK, NNN), aldehydes (acrolein, formaldehyde), carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides (nitrogen dioxide), benzene, toluene, phenols (phenol, cresol ...