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A labor court (or labour court or industrial tribunal) is a governmental judiciary body which rules on labor or employment-related matters and disputes. In a number of countries, labor cases are often taken to separate national labor high courts.
The Labour Appeal Court is a South African court that hears appeals from the Labour Court. The court was established by the Labour Relations Act, 1995, and has a status similar to that of the Supreme Court of Appeal. It has its seat in Johannesburg but also hears cases in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban.
The Labour Relations Act 1995 is a pivotal piece of legislation, as it recognises the need for fast and easy access to justice in labour disputes. The Industrial Court had the status of a High Court, and therefore was not accessible to all labourers.
The Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) is an independent tribunal which adjudicates labour disputes in South Africa. It was established in November 1996 in terms of Section 112 of the Labour Relations Act, 1995, which in turn implements the labour rights provided for in section 23 of the Constitution of South Africa.
Employment tribunals were created as industrial tribunals by the Industrial Training Act 1964. [2] Industrial tribunals were judicial bodies consisting of a lawyer, who was the chairman, an individual nominated by an employer association, and another by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) or by a TUC-affiliated union.
The Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state loyalty oath legislation violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1965, the Supreme Court held 5-to-4 that the anti-communist oath was a bill of attainder in United States v. Brown, 381 U.S. 437 (1965). [96] The Supreme Court essentially overturned Douds, but did not formally ...
The Labour Court has the power to make a compliance order an order of court; to direct the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration to conduct an investigation to assist the court; to order compliance with any provision of the EEA; to hear appeals against compliance orders imposed by the Director-General; and
The Constitutional Court is the final court of appeals for all matters (no longer limited to constitutional matters only), and its decisions are binding on all other courts in South Africa. It has the power to make the final decision on the constitutionality of an act of Parliament or of a provincial legislature; while a High Court or the ...