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CD5-CD72 is thought to mediate B cell-B cell interaction. What differentiates B1 cells from other B cells is the variable existence of CD5, CD86, IgM and IgD. [1] B-1 B cells, in the mouse, can be further subdivided into B-1a (CD5 +) and B-1b (CD5 −) subtypes. Unlike B-1a B cells, the B-1b subtype can be generated from precursors in the adult ...
A true homologue of mouse B-1 cells has not been discovered in humans, though various cell populations similar to B-1 cells have been described. [29] Regulatory B (Breg) cell An immunosuppressive B cell type that stops the expansion of pathogenic, pro-inflammatory lymphocytes through the secretion of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. [31]
The most common simplified overview description of the B cell differentiation pathway involves the following steps: an antigen interacts with the corresponding surface membrane immunoglobulin after which the B cell begins expressing receptors for growth factors secreted by T cells (BCGFs and IL-2), after these factors bind, the lymphocytes ...
EBF1 stands for Early B-Cell Factor 1. [5] [6] [7] EBF1 controls the expression of key proteins required for B cell differentiation, signal transduction and function. [8] [9] The crucial role of this factor is shown in the regulation of expression of SLAM family co-receptors in B-cells. [10]
Random rearrangements and recombinations of the gene segments at DNA level to form one kappa or lambda light chain occurs in an orderly fashion. As a result, "a functional variable region gene of a light chain contains two coding segments that are separated by a non-coding DNA sequence in unrearranged germ-line DNA" (Barbara et al., 2007).
The PAX5 gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein (BSAP) that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis, therefore, PAX5 gene product may not only play an important role in B-cell differentiation, but also in neural development and ...
CD93 was originally identified in mice as an early B cell marker through the use of AA4.1 monoclonal antibody. [10] [11] Then this molecule was shown to be expressed on an early population of hematopoietic stem cells, which give rise to the entire spectrum of mature cells in the blood.
Cluster of Differentiation 86 (also known as CD86 and B7-2) is a protein constitutively expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages, B-cells (including memory B-cells), and on other antigen-presenting cells. [5] Along with CD80, CD86 provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.