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While previous figures like Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir had already begun to review and evaluate the female image in literature, [2] and second-wave feminism had explored phallocentrism and sexism through a female reading of male authors, gynocriticism was designed as a "second phase" in feminist criticism – turning to a focus on, and interrogation of female authorship, images, the ...
A young Visayan noblewoman depicted in the Boxer Codex (1590). Binukot is a pre-Hispanic practice in the Philippine archipelago that is still practiced. A tribe or community deems a girl worthy of being secluded in order to protect them so they gain cultural prestige and are more appealing to high-class suitors.
The academic discipline of women's writing is a discrete area of literary studies which is based on the notion that the experience of women, historically, has been shaped by their sex, and so women writers by definition are a group worthy of separate study: "Their texts emerge from and intervene in conditions usually very different from those which produced most writing by men."
During the feminine phase, female writers adhered to male values. In the feminist phase, there was a theme of criticism of women's role in society. And in the female phase, it was now assumed that women's works were valid, and the works were less combative than in the feminist phase. [11]
Euripides (c. 480 – c. 406 BC) is one of the authors of classical Greece who took a particular interest in the condition of women within the Greek world. In a predominantly patriarchal society, he undertook, through his works, to explore and sometimes challenge the injustices faced by women and certain social or moral norms concerning them.
The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present is a biographical dictionary about women writers. Companion was edited by Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements, and Isobel Grundy. [1] It was published in 1990 by Batsford (now Pavilion Books) in the UK and Yale University Press in the US. [2]
Elaine Showalter (born January 21, 1941) [1] is an American literary critic, feminist, and writer on cultural and social issues.She influenced feminist literary criticism in the United States academia, developing the concept and practice of gynocritics, a term describing the study of "women as writers".
Portia is a female protagonist in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare.In creating her character, Shakespeare drew from the historical figure of Porcia [1] — the daughter of Cato the Younger — as well as several parts of the Bible.