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Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism , though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence .
An Introduction to Algebraic Topology (1988), Springer-Verlag; ISBN 0-387-96678-1 An Introduction to the Theory of Groups (1995), Springer-Verlag; ISBN 0-387-94285-8 A First Course in Abstract Algebra (2000), Prentice Hall; ISBN 0-13-011584-3
isbn 978-0-387-94087-8. Hatcher, Allen (2002), Algebraic Topology , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-79540-0 . Jean-Pierre Marquis (2006) "A path to Epistemology of Mathematics: Homotopy theory", pages 239 to 260 in The Architecture of Modern Mathematics , J. Ferreiros & J.J. Gray , editors, Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0 ...
A concise course in algebraic topology. Chicago Lectures in Mathematics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1999. x+243 pp. ISBN 0-226-51182-0, 0-226-51183-9; Edwin H. Spanier. Algebraic topology. Corrected reprint of the 1966 original. Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin, 1981. xvi+528 pp. ISBN 0-387-90646-0; George W. Whitehead. Elements ...
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; ... A., Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press (2002) ISBN ...
In mathematics, directed algebraic topology is a refinement of algebraic topology for directed spaces, topological spaces and their combinatorial counterparts equipped with some notion of direction. Some common examples of directed spaces are spacetimes and simplicial sets .
A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology. University of Chicago Press. pp. 183– 198. ISBN 0-226-51182-0. This textbook gives a detailed construction of the Thom class for trivial vector bundles, and also formulates the theorem in case of arbitrary vector bundles. Stong, Robert E. (1968). Notes on cobordism theory. Princeton University Press ...
Hatcher, A., Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press (2002) ISBN 0-521-79540-0. Detailed discussion of homology theories for simplicial complexes and manifolds, singular homology, etc. May JP (1999). A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology (PDF). University of Chicago Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09