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The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity.
The following is a list of Christian Church Fathers. Roman Catholics generally regard the Patristic period to have ended with the death of John of Damascus in 749. [citation needed] However, Orthodox Christians believe that the Patristic period is ongoing. [citation needed] Therefore, the list is split into two tables.
The Church Fathers are the early and influential Christian theologians and writers, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. The earliest Church Fathers, within two generations of the Twelve Apostles of Christ, are usually called Apostolic Fathers for reportedly knowing and studying under the apostles personally.
Various early Christian writers [broken anchor] wrote gospels and other books, some of which were canonized as the New Testament canon developed. The Apostolic Fathers were prominent writers who are traditionally understood to have met and learned from Jesus 's personal disciples .
The 2nd-century The Shepherd of Hermas was popular in the early church and was even considered scriptural by some of the Church Fathers such as Irenaeus [37] and Tertullian. It was written in Rome in Koine Greek. The Shepherd had great authority in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The work comprises five visions, 12 mandates, and 10 parables.
The Fathers of the Church (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press). Ancient Christian Writers (New York: Paulist Press). The Early Church Fathers (London; New York: Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group). The Popular Patristics Series (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press). A range of journals cover patristic studies ...
Theophilus of Antioch is the earliest Church father documented to have used the word "Trinity" to refer to God.. Debate exists as to whether the earliest Church Fathers in Christian history believed in the doctrine of the Trinity – the Christian doctrine that God the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit are three distinct persons sharing one homoousion (essence).
Carthage, in the Roman province of Africa, south of the Mediterranean from Rome, gave the early church the Latin fathers Tertullian [133] (c. 120 – c. 220) and Cyprian [134] (d. 258). Carthage fell to Islam in 698. The Church of Carthage thus was to the Early African church what the Church of Rome was to the Catholic Church in Italy. [135]