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Praziquantel is well absorbed (about 80%) from the gastrointestinal tract. However, due to extensive first-pass metabolism, only a relatively small amount enters systemic circulation. Praziquantel has a serum half-life of 0.8 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal and liver function. Metabolites have a half-life of 4 to 5 hours.
Gastric worms (Physaloptera spp.) belong to a worldwide distributed genus of nematodes that can infest the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum. Male worms are up to 30 mm long, females up to 40 mm long. The eggs are oval, thick-shelled, 55 × 32 μm in size, and already contain a larva.
Praziquantel causes immobilized contraction of the worm, such that it can no longer grasp the intestinal walls, and can be eliminated from the body. Three 2-g doses of niclosamide or two 50 mg/kg doses of bithionol have also been effective when praziquantel was either not available or treatment was refused. [2]
Selamectin, sold under the brand name Revolution, among others, is a topical parasiticide and anthelminthic used on dogs and cats. [2] It treats and prevents infections of heartworms, fleas, ear mites, sarcoptic mange (scabies), and certain types of ticks in dogs, and prevents heartworms, fleas, ear mites, hookworms, and roundworms in cats.
This will kill the adult stage but not the cyst or egg stage, so several treatments may be needed. Daily doses of Praziquantel for about one to two weeks' time will be effective against larval cysticercosis in rabbits. One dose of Niclosamide or Praziquantel can be very effective in dogs. [citation needed]
The drug is FDA-approved for prevention of heartworm in dogs and cats, [4] although it is less potent against heartworms than ivermectin. [citation needed] The substance is often combined with other parasiticides to achieve a broader spectrum of action. Such products include: [citation needed] Milbemax and Interceptor Plus (with praziquantel)
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