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Several different types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be employed in diagnosis: MRI without contrast, Gd contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI (GdT1W) or T2-weighted enhanced MRI (T2W or T2*W). Non-contrast enhanced MRI is considerably less expensive than any of the contrast enhanced MRI scans. The gold standard in diagnosis is GdT1W MRI.
Sagittal images showing different degrees of hypoplasia (incomplete formation) of the pons and vermis (parts of the brain). Numbers represent different patients. Figure 9a shows an MRI of a patient at age 4 months and figure 9b shows the same patient at age 11 years. There is no progression of the lesions between successive MRI in patient 9.
Lateral pontine syndrome, also known as Marie-Foix syndrome or Marie-Foix-Alajouanine syndrome [1] is one of the brainstem stroke syndromes of the lateral aspect of the pons. A lateral pontine syndrome is a lesion which is similar to the lateral medullary syndrome , but because it occurs in the pons , it also involves the cranial nerve nuclei ...
It is most frequently caused by lesions such as vascular disease and tumors involving the dorsal pons. Structures affected by the lesion are the dorsal pons (pontine tegmentum) which comprises paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), nuclei of cranial nerves VI and VII , corticospinal tract , medial lemniscus , and the medial longitudinal ...
The first MR images of a human brain were obtained in 1978 by two groups of researchers at EMI Laboratories led by Ian Robert Young and Hugh Clow. [1] In 1986, Charles L. Dumoulin and Howard R. Hart at General Electric developed MR angiography, [2] and Denis Le Bihan obtained the first images and later patented diffusion MRI. [3]
The middle cerebellar peduncle is the largest of the three cerebellar peduncles. It connects the pons and cerebellum.It consists almost entirely of fibers passing from the pons to the cerebellum (fibrocerebellar fibers); the fibers arise from the pontine nuclei and decussate within the pons before entering the peduncle [1] to end in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere.
The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) is a subset of neurons of the oral and caudal pontine reticular nuclei. With the abducens nucleus it makes up the horizontal gaze centre . [ 1 ] It is situated in the pons adjacent to the abducens nucleus . [ 2 ]
Research is still needed in the area of cerebellar stroke management; however, several factors may lead to poor outcomes in individuals who have a cerebellar stroke. These factors include: Declining levels of consciousness; New signs of brainstem involvement; Progressing Hydrocephalus; Stroke to the midline of the cerebellum (a.k.a. the vermis) [4]
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