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  2. Political aspects of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam

    Arabia united under Muhammad (7th century CE) according to traditional accounts Islamic studies do not reveal a specific Islamic religious identity and political attitude with sharp boundaries for early period; [15] The Rāshidūn caliphs used Sasanian symbols (Star and crescent, Fire temple, depictions of the last emperor Khosrow II) by adding the Arabic bismillāh on their coins. [16]

  3. Early social changes under Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_social_changes_under...

    Sociologist Robert N. Bellah (Beyond Belief) argues that Islam in its 7th-century origins was, for its time and place, "remarkably modern...in the high degree of commitment, involvement, and participation expected from the rank-and-file members of the community". This because, he argues, that Islam emphasized the equality of all Muslims.

  4. Political Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Islam

    Martin Kramer was one of the first experts to start using the term political Islam in 1980. In 2003, he stated that political Islam can also be seen as tautology because nowhere in the Muslim world is a religion separated from politics. [5] [6] Some experts use terms like Islamism, pointing out the same set of occurrences or they confuse both ...

  5. Institute for Islamic and Social Studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Islamic_and...

    The Institute for Islamic and Social Studies (Indonesian: Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial, LKiS), is an Indonesian non-governmental organization that was founded on September 3, 1993, in Yogyakarta. [1] The institute stimulates intellectual debate on a grassroots level. [2]

  6. M. Syafi'i Anwar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Syafi'i_Anwar

    He is a senior research fellow at the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation as well as the executive director of the International Center For Islam and Pluralism. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Anwar was instrumental to the founding of the Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals , having participation in the 1990 meeting with B. J. Habibie ...

  7. Islam Yes, Islamic Party No - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Yes,_Islamic_Party_No

    Islam Yes, Islamic Party No was a slogan coined by Indonesian Muslim scholar Nurcholish Madjid in his speech at Taman Ismail Marzuki (TIM) in Jakarta, in 1970. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The slogan soon became a catchphrase in Indonesia that helped fight the notion that voting against Islamic parties was sinful for Muslims .

  8. Masyumi Party - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyumi_Party

    The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations Party (Indonesian: Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia.

  9. Burhanuddin al-Helmy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhanuddin_al-Helmy

    Dato' Seri Dr. Burhanuddin bin Muhammad Nur al-Hilmi (Jawi: برهان الدين بن محمد نور الحلمي; 29 August 1911 – 25 October 1969), [1] commonly known as Burhanuddin al-Helmy, was a Malaysian politician.