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A Kelvin bridge, also called a Kelvin double bridge and in some countries a Thomson bridge, is a measuring instrument used to measure unknown electrical resistors below 1 ohm. It is specifically designed to measure resistors that are constructed as four terminal resistors.
Four-point measurement of resistance between voltage sense connections 2 and 3. Current is supplied via force connections 1 and 4. In electrical engineering, four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements ...
That design choice makes the effective resistance of the bridged portion to be R i. The resulting input impedance of the i-th stage will be 10 R i. In the simple Kelvin-Varley decade design, the resistance of each stage decreases by a factor of 5: R i+1 = R i / 5. The first stage might use 10 kΩ resistors, the second stage 2 kΩ, the third ...
A Maxwell-Wien bridge. A Maxwell bridge is a modification to a Wheatstone bridge used to measure an unknown inductance (usually of low Q value) in terms of calibrated resistance and inductance or resistance and capacitance. [1] When the calibrated components are a parallel resistor and capacitor, the bridge is known as a Maxwell bridge.
Anderson's bridge. In electronics, Anderson's bridge is a bridge circuit used to measure the self-inductance of the coil. It enables measurement of inductance by utilizing other circuit components like resistors and capacitors. [1] Anderson's bridge was invented by Alexander Anderson in 1891. [2]
A pipe laser, or another vertical distance measuring device is most commonly used for this. Invert levels are important for the drainage of a non-pressured fluid pipe. Typically, a good design requires that the invert level of the pipe will be lower (or at least not higher) for each section of pipe before it reaches its final destination. [5]
Codes regulate the design and construction of structures where adopted into law. Examples of building codes began in ancient times. [3] In the USA the main codes are the International Building Code or International Residential Code [IBC/IRC], electrical codes and plumbing, mechanical codes.
A pipeline bridge carrying the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. A pipeline bridge is a bridge for running a pipeline over a river or another obstacle. Pipeline bridges for liquids and gases are, as a rule, only built when it is not possible to run the pipeline on a conventional bridge or under the river.