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Diagram of a structure featuring plastic hinges. In the structural engineering beam theory, plastic hinge is the deformation of a section of a beam where plastic bending occurs. [1] In earthquake engineering plastic hinge is also a type of energy damping device allowing plastic rotation [deformation] of an otherwise rigid column connection. [2]
In reinforced concrete structures, the damage state variable quantifies the crack density in the plastic hinge zone; [1] in unreinforced concrete components and steel beams, it is a dimensionless measure of the crack surface; [2] in tubular steel elements, the damage variable measures the degree of local buckling [3] The LDM evolution laws can ...
Plastic Bending Stress Distribution. Plastic bending [1] is a nonlinear behavior particular to members made of ductile materials that frequently achieve much greater ultimate bending strength than indicated by a linear elastic bending analysis. In both the plastic and elastic bending analyses of a straight beam, it is assumed that the strain ...
A concrete spacer with a plastic clip in use Concrete spacers in a precast element Diaphragm wall block on rebar for a Diaphragm wall A rebar spacer is a short, rod-like device used to secure reinforcing steel bars, or rebar , within cast assemblies for reinforced concrete structures.
[4] [3] [1] Concrete hinges are mostly used in bridge engineering [1] as monolithic, simple, economic alternative to steel hinges, which would need regular maintenance. Concrete hinges are also used in tunnel engineering. [1] [3] A concrete hinge consist of the hinge neck, which has a reduced cross section and of the hinge heads, which have a ...
In structural engineering, the plastic moment (M p) is a property of a structural section. It is defined as the moment at which the entire cross section has reached its yield stress . This is theoretically the maximum bending moment that the section can resist – when this point is reached a plastic hinge is formed and any load beyond this ...
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The beams and formwork are typically set by hand and pinned, clipped, or screwed together. The advantages of a modular system are: does not require a crane to place the formwork, speed of construction with unskilled labor, formwork modules can be removed after concrete sets leaving only beams in place prior to achieving design strength.