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Nomenclature (UK: / n oʊ ˈ m ɛ ŋ k l ə tʃ ə, n ə-/, US: / ˈ n oʊ m ə n k l eɪ tʃ ər /) [1] [2] is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. [3] (The theoretical field studying nomenclature is sometimes referred to as onymology or taxonymy [4]).
For example, you may pronounce cot and caught the same, do and dew, or marry and merry. This often happens because of dialect variation (see our articles English phonology and International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects). If this is the case, you will pronounce those symbols the same for other words as well. [1]
Latinisation (or Latinization) [1] of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation (or onomastic Latinization), is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a modern Latin style. [1] It is commonly found with historical proper names , including personal names and toponyms , and in the standard binomial nomenclature of the life sciences.
English doctor John Donne: DUN / d ʌ n / English poet and cleric John Keble: KEE-bəl / ˈ k iː b əl / English churchman and poet John H. Kerr: like car / k ɑːr / American politician Johnny Manziel: man-ZEL / m æ n ˈ z ɛ l / American football player Jonathan Toews: TAYVZ / t eɪ v z / Canadian hockey player Justin Duchsherer: DOOK-shər ...
Binomial nomenclature, as described here, is a system for naming species. Implicitly, it includes a system for naming genera, since the first part of the name of the species is a genus name. In a classification system based on ranks, there are also ways of naming ranks above the level of genus and below the level of species.
A diaeresis indicates that the vowels do not form a diphthong: Arsinoë / ɑːr ˈ s ɪ n oʊ iː / ar-SIN-oh-ee (not * AR-sin-ee). The importance of marking long vowels for Greek words can be illustrated with Ixion, from Greek Ἰξίων. As it is written, the English pronunciation might be expected to be * / ˈ ɪ k s i ɒ n / IK-see-on.
At the time when biologist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) published the books that are now accepted as the starting point of binomial nomenclature, Latin was used in Western Europe as the common language of science, and scientific names were in Latin or Greek: Linnaeus continued this practice.
Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct" or "standard" pronunciation) or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language.