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The binomial coefficients can be arranged to form Pascal's triangle, in which each entry is the sum of the two immediately above. Visualisation of binomial expansion up to the 4th power. In mathematics, the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem.
In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
For example, when =, the binomial coefficient () is equal to 6, and there are six arrangements of two copies of A and two copies of B: AABB, ABAB, ABBA, BAAB, BABA, BBAA. The same central binomial coefficient ( 2 n n ) {\displaystyle {\binom {2n}{n}}} is also the number of words of length 2 n made up of A and B within which, as one reads from ...
The basic idea is to show that the central binomial coefficients must have a prime factor within the interval (,) in order to be large enough. This is achieved through analysis of their factorizations. The main steps of the proof are as follows.
It states that for positive natural numbers n and k, + = (), where () is a binomial coefficient; one interpretation of the coefficient of the x k term in the expansion of (1 + x) n. There is no restriction on the relative sizes of n and k , [ 1 ] since, if n < k the value of the binomial coefficient is zero and the identity remains valid.
In mathematics, Kummer's theorem is a formula for the exponent of the highest power of a prime number p that divides a given binomial coefficient. In other words, it gives the p-adic valuation of a binomial coefficient. The theorem is named after Ernst Kummer, who proved it in a paper, (Kummer 1852).
Lucas's theorem can be generalized to give an expression for the remainder when () is divided by a prime power p k.However, the formulas become more complicated. If the modulo is the square of a prime p, the following congruence relation holds for all 0 ≤ s ≤ r ≤ p − 1, a ≥ 0, and b ≥ 0.
For any pair of positive integers n and k, the number of k-tuples of positive integers whose sum is n is equal to the number of (k − 1)-element subsets of a set with n − 1 elements. For example, if n = 10 and k = 4, the theorem gives the number of solutions to x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 10 (with x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4 > 0) as the binomial coefficient
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