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  2. Lymphocytic pleocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_pleocytosis

    Under normal conditions, there are usually less than 5 white blood cells per μL of CSF. In a pleocytic setting, the number of lymphocytes can jump to more than 1,000 cells per μL. Increases in lymphocyte count are often accompanied by an increase in cerebrospinal protein concentrations in addition to pleocytosis of other types of white blood ...

  3. Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor...

    In inflammatory arthritis conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn's disease, proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α is secreted by synovial macrophages which stimulates stromal cells and osteoblasts to produce CSF-1. Increased CSF-1 promotes proliferation of osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors and increases osteoclast ...

  4. Colony-stimulating factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor

    The name "colony-stimulating factors" comes from the method by which they were discovered. Hematopoietic stem cells were cultured (see cell culture) on a so-called semisolid matrix, which prevents cells from moving around, so that, if a single cell starts proliferating, all of the cells derived from it will remain clustered around the spot in the matrix where the first cell was originally located.

  5. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage_colony...

    M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. [7] M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell ...

  6. Monocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte

    In vitro, monocytes can differentiate into dendritic cells by adding the cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4. [19] Such monocyte-derived cells do, however, retain the signature of monocytes in their transcriptome and they cluster with monocytes and not with bona fide dendritic cells.

  7. Reactive lymphocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_lymphocyte

    Reactive lymphocyte surrounded by red blood cells. In immunology, reactive lymphocytes, variant lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, Downey cells or Türk cells are cytotoxic (CD8 +) lymphocytes that become large as a result of antigen stimulation. Typically, they can be more than 30 μm in diameter with varying size and shape.

  8. CFU-GEMM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFU-GEMM

    The GM-CSF and IL-3 both work together to stimulate production of all lines. When erythropoietin (EPO) is present, red blood cell production from the CFU-GEMM will be activated. G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-3 stimulate the production of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets, respectively. [4]

  9. Hypersegmented neutrophil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersegmented_neutrophil

    Hypersegmentation can sometimes be difficult to assert since interobserver variation is high and segmentation may vary with race. A 1996 study performed in the United States found that blacks have a greater neutrophil segmentation than whites. [2]