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In structural geology, a fold is a stack of originally planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, that are bent or curved ("folded") during permanent deformation. Folds in rocks vary in size from microscopic crinkles to mountain-sized folds. They occur as single isolated folds or in periodic sets (known as fold trains).
basic structure of a fold Fig.1: 3D fold growth under compressional stress. Yellow, orange and red color represents elevation, in which lighter color refers to higher elevation. In geology, 3D fold evolution is the study of the full three dimensional structure of a fold as it changes in time.
By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards. [1] By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence. [2]
Cross-sectional diagram of an anticline Anticline exposed in road cut (small syncline visible at far right). Note the man standing in front of the formation, for scale. New Jersey, U.S. In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional ... For example, an F 2 fold, ... Diagram showing the use of lower hemisphere stereographic ...
Illustration of mountains that developed on a fold that thrusted. Mountain formation occurs due to a variety of geological processes associated with large-scale movements of the Earth's crust (tectonic plates). [1] Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous intrusion and metamorphism can all be parts of the orogenic process of mountain ...
In structural geology, a syncline is a fold with younger layers closer to the center of the structure, whereas an anticline is the inverse of a syncline. A synclinorium (plural synclinoriums or synclinoria ) is a large syncline with superimposed smaller folds. [ 1 ]
Chevron folding preferentially occurs when the bedding regularly alternates between contrasting competences. [1] Turbidites, characterized by alternating high-competence sandstones and low-competence shales, provide the typical geological setting for chevron folds to occur. Perpetuation of the fold structure is not geometrically limited.