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A human transcriptome could be accurately captured using RNA-Seq with 30 million 100 bp sequences per sample. [85] [86] This example would require approximately 1.8 gigabytes of disk space per sample when stored in a compressed fastq format. Processed count data for each gene would be much smaller, equivalent to processed microarray intensities.
CAGE tags tend to start with an extra guanine (G) that is not encoded in the genome, which is attributed to the template-free 5′-extension during the first-strand cDNA synthesis [2] or reverse-transcription of the cap itself. [3] When not corrected, this can induce erroneous mapping of CAGE tags, for instance to nontranscribed pseudogenes. [2]
Real time PCR uses fluorophores in order to detect levels of gene expression.. Cells in all organisms regulate gene expression by turnover of gene transcripts (single stranded RNA): The amount of an expressed gene in a cell can be measured by the number of copies of an RNA transcript of that gene present in a sample.
Cytopathology (from Greek κύτος, kytos, "a hollow"; [1] πάθος, pathos, "fate, harm"; and -λογία, -logia) is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level.
Micrograph showing contraction band necrosis, a histopathologic finding of myocardial infarction (heart attack).. Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ἱστός histos 'tissue', πάθος pathos 'suffering', and -λογία-logia 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.
Surgical margin in a surgery report defines the visible margin or free edge of "normal" tissue seen by the surgeon with the naked eye. Surgical margin as read in a pathology report defines the histological measurement of normal or unaffected tissue surrounding the visible tumor under a microscope on a glass mounted histology section.
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases.
Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.