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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
Central serous chorioretinopathy (pachychoroid stage II) with subretinal fluid (black triangle in the middle) and a markedly thickened, congested choroid (white arrowheads). Pachychoroid disorders of the macula represent a group of diseases affecting the central part of the retina of the eye , the macula .
Pain, visual loss, relapse, and steroid response are typical of CRION. [1] [3] Ocular pain is typical, although there are some cases with no reported pain. [3]Bilateral severe visual loss (simultaneous or sequential) usually occurs, but there are reports of unilateral visual loss. [3]
In many cases, only one eye is affected and the person may not be aware of the loss of color vision until the examiner asks them to cover the healthy eye. People may also engage in "eccentric viewing" using peripheral vision to compensate for central vision loss characteristic in genetic, toxic, or nutritional optic neuropathy.
It also appears that central serous retinopathy can be a result of a depression in a treated solar damaged eye. [4] [5] [6] The duration of exposure necessary to cause injury varies with the intensity of light, and also affects the possibility and length of recovery.
Flammer syndrome may also predispose to other eye diseases such as vascular occlusion (especially retinal vein occlusion) [15] in relatively young people or central serous retinopathy. Muscle spasms and tension are common among individuals with Flammer syndrome.
Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that corticosteroids can cause permanent eye damage by inducing central serous retinopathy (CSR, also known as central serous chorioretinopathy, CSC). [34] This should be borne in mind when treating patients with optic neuritis.
Major symptoms are sudden loss of vision (partial or complete), sudden blurred or "foggy" vision, and; pain on movement of the affected eye. [4] [5] [2]Many patients with optic neuritis may lose some of their color vision in the affected eye (especially red), with colors appearing subtly washed out compared to the other eye.