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Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. [1] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.
Many people assume that the best way to help others is through direct methods, such as working for a charity or providing social services. [66] However, since there is a high supply of candidates for such positions, it makes sense to compare the amount of good one candidate does to how much good the next-best candidate would do.
In the most general terms, a reason is a consideration in an argument which justifies or explains an action, a belief, an attitude, or a fact. [1] Normative reasons are what people appeal to when making arguments about what people should do or believe. For example, that a doctor's patient is grimacing is a reason to believe the patient is in pain.
The negative-state relief model of helping [11] states that people help because of egoism. Egoistic motives lead a person to help others in bad circumstances in order to reduce personal distress experienced from knowing the situation of the people in need. Helping behavior happens only when the personal distress cannot be relieved by other actions.
Reason, a monthly libertarian magazine published by the Reason Foundation "Reason" (short story), a 1941 science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov; Reason: Why Liberals Will Win the Battle for America, a 2010 book by Robert Reich; Reason: the Only Oracle of Man, a 1785 book by Ethan Allen
Compassion fade is the tendency of people to experience a decrease in empathy as the number of people in need of aid increases. The term was coined by psychologist Paul Slovic. [39] It is a type of cognitive bias that people use to justify their decision to help or not to help, and to ignore certain information. [40]
Giving alms to the poor is often considered an altruistic action.. Altruism is the concern for the well-being of others, independently of personal benefit or reciprocity.. The word altruism was popularised (and possibly coined) by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French, as altruisme, for an antonym of egoism. [1]
An "instrumental rationalist" is a decision expert whose response to seeing a man engaged in slicing his toes [the man’s value rational fact-free end] with a blunt knife [the man’s instrumental value-free means] is to rush to advise him that he should use a sharper knife to better serve [instrumentally] his evident [value rational] objective.