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English: pdf Version of english wikibook on Communication Systems This file was created with MediaWiki to LaTeX . The LaTeX source code is attached to the PDF file (see imprint).
ENQUIRE was a software project written in 1980 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, [2] which was the predecessor to the World Wide Web. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was a simple hypertext program [ 4 ] that had some of the same ideas as the Web and the Semantic Web but was different in several important ways.
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
A typical method of performing a measurement is to transfer a 'large' file from one system to another system and measure the time required to complete the transfer or copy of the file. The throughput is then calculated by dividing the file size by the time to get the throughput in megabits, kilobits, or bits per second.
File size is a measure of how much data a computer file contains or how much storage space it is allocated. Typically, file size is expressed in units based on byte. A large value is often expressed with a metric prefix (as in megabyte and gigabyte) or a binary prefix (as in mebibyte and gibibyte). [1]
File comparison is an important, and integral process of file synchronization and backup. In backup methodologies, the issue of data corruption is important. Rarely is there a warning before corruption occurs, this can make recovery difficult or impossible. Often, the problem is only apparent the next time someone tries to open a file.
Data compression aims to reduce the size of data files, enhancing storage efficiency and speeding up data transmission. K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, is employed to partition a dataset into a specified number of clusters, k, each represented by the centroid of its points.
Mac OS X has built-in PDF support, both for creation as part of the printing system and for display using the built-in Preview application. Older PDF files are supported by almost all modern e-book readers, tablets and smartphones. Newer PDF files may not display properly on older e-readers, may not open, or may crash them.