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Niacin deficiency is a consequence of a diet low in both niacin and the amino acid tryptophan, a precursor for the vitamin. Low plasma tryptophan is a non-specific indicator, meaning it can have other causes. The signs and symptoms of niacin deficiency start to revert within days of oral supplementation with large amounts of the vitamin. [23] [24]
Independently of clinical symptoms, blood level of tryptophan or urinary metabolites such as 2-pyridone/N-methylnicotinamide ratio <2 or NAD/NADP ratio in red blood cells can diagnose pellagra. The diagnosis is confirmed by rapid improvements in symptoms after doses of nicotinamide (250–500 mg/day) or nicotinamide enriched food. [7]
According to the World Health Organization, an alternative mean of expressing urinary N1-methyl-nicotinamide is as mg/g creatinine in a 24-hour urine collection, with deficient defined as <0.5, low 0.5-1.59, acceptable 1.6-4.29, and high >4.3 [11] Niacin deficiency occurs before the signs and symptoms of pellagra appear. [6]
Diagnosis is typically made based on clinical suspicion and a low zinc level in the blood. Any level below 70 mcg/dL (normal 70-120 mcg/dL) is considered zinc deficiency. However there is a paucity of adequate zinc biomarkers , and the most widely used indicator, plasma zinc, has poor sensitivity and specificity . [ 53 ]
Dyslipidemia is when the lipids in your blood are too high or too low. Estimates suggest that 53 percent of adults in the U.S. have lipid abnormalities.. Lipids are a type of fat that make up the ...
Blood tests are performed to rule out other causes and to confirm an elevated level of vitamin B 6 with an absence of hypophosphatasia. [ 14 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ] Examination does not typically show signs of a motor deficit , dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system or impairment of the central nervous system , [ 4 ] [ 3 ] although ...
High blood methionine, low blood uric acid, and low urinary uric acid and sulfate concentrations. The amount of molybdenum required is relatively small, and molybdenum deficiency usually does not occur in natural settings. [26] Potassium deficiency: Mild low potassium does not typically cause symptoms. [27]
Liver disease or kidney disease: Niacin can accumulate in people with liver or kidney problems, potentially worsening their condition. [ 1 ] Bleeding disorders : Inositol nicotinate may slow blood clotting, increasing the risk of bleeding for individuals with clotting disorders or those undergoing surgery.