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Hyperparathyroidism was first described in 1925 and the symptoms have collectively become known as "moans, groans, stones, and bones." By far, the most common symptom is fatigue, but depression, memory loss, and bone aches are also very common. Primary hyperparathyroidism is relatively more common in postmenopausal women.
The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a sporadic, single parathyroid adenoma [5] resulting from a clonal mutation (~97%). Less common are parathyroid hyperplasia [6] (~2.5%), parathyroid carcinoma (malignant tumor), and adenomas in more than one gland (together ~0.5%).Primary hyperparathyroidism is also a feature of several familial endocrine disorders: Multiple endocrine ...
The United States prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism from 2010 was 233 per 100,000 women and 85 per 100,000 men. Black and white women aged 70–79 have the highest overall prevalence. [ 62 ] Secondary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by chronic kidney disease and vitamin D deficiency . [ 63 ]
Other risk factors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism include an elevated risk of developing acute pancreatitis, mainly due to the hypercalcemia associated with the hyperparathyroidism. [19] Other studies have shown a significant increase in the risk of developing malignancies of the urinary tract and renal system with women being more at risk. [20]
Secondary hyperparathyroidism can also result from malabsorption (chronic pancreatitis, small bowel disease, malabsorption-dependent bariatric surgery) in that the fat-soluble vitamin D can not get reabsorbed. This leads to hypocalcemia and a subsequent increase in parathyroid hormone secretion in an attempt to increase the serum calcium levels.
The study, which involved 106 peri- and postmenopausal women and was presented at the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting in May, indicates women should self-monitor their vasomotor symptoms and ...
Losing Weight After 40: Overview. This article was reviewed by Craig Primack, MD, FACP, FAAP, FOMA. Some things come with the privilege of getting older — more wisdom, more birthdays, more ...
After recognition, primary hyperparathyroidism should be proved or excluded. [10] In extreme cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, removal of the parathyroid gland after surgical neck exploration is the only way to avoid death. [10] The diagnostic program should be performed within hours, in parallel with measures to lower serum calcium. [10]