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A parasympatholytic agent is a substance or activity that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. [1][2] The term parasympatholytic typically refers to the effect of a drug, although some poisons act to block the parasympathetic nervous system as well. Most drugs with parasympatholytic properties are anticholinergics.
Sympatholytic. A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives.
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. [1] The primary endogenous agonists of the ...
A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug[1] or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, [2] is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). [3][2] These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by the PSNS. [1][4] Chemicals in this ...
Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions: Dizziness (including vertigo and motion sickness-related symptoms) Extrapyramidal symptoms, a potential side-effect of antipsychotic medications; Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., peptic ulcers, diarrhea, pyloro spasm, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, nausea, and vomiting)
A muscarinic receptor antagonist (MRA), also called an antimuscarinic, is a type of anticholinergic agent that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The muscarinic receptor is a protein involved in the transmission of signals through certain parts of the nervous system, and muscarinic receptor antagonists work to prevent ...
Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. [15] Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ...
Cholinergic blocking drugs are a group of drugs that block the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, in synapses of the cholinergic nervous system. [1] They block acetylcholine from binding to cholinergic receptors, namely the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. These agents have broad effects due to their actions in nerves located ...