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Risk factors such as a person's background; lifestyle and environment are known to increase the likelihood of certain non-communicable diseases. They include age, gender, genetics, exposure to air pollution, and behaviors such as smoking, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity which can lead to hypertension and obesity, in turn leading to increased risk of many NCDs.
These factors include the role of prenatal and perinatal exposure to environmental factors, such as undernutrition, stress, environmental chemical, etc. [1] [2] This approach includes an emphasis on epigenetic causes of adult chronic non-communicable diseases.
Treating these non-communicable diseases can be expensive. [3] It can be critical for the patient's health to receive primary prevention and identify early symptoms of these non-communicable diseases. These lifestyle diseases are expected to increase throughout the years if people do not improve their lifestyle choices. [4]
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), often known as chronic diseases, include cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and mental health conditions. The Task Force consists of a World Health Organization (WHO) Secretariat (currently led by Nick Banatvala from the United Kingdom) and 46 United Nations (UN) and inter ...
Non-communicable A non-communicable disease is a medical condition or disease that is non-transmissible. [34] Non-communicable diseases cannot be spread directly from one person to another. Heart disease and cancer are examples of non-communicable diseases in humans. [35]
Applied field epidemiology can include investigating communicable and non-communicable disease outbreaks, mortality and morbidity rates, and nutritional status, among other indicators of health, with the purpose of communicating the results to those who can implement appropriate policies or disease control measures.
An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . [ 2 ]
Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) that is diagnosed in individuals who have a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m 2. Generally, low-income populations, whether they live in high-income countries or in low-middle income countries (LMIC) suffer higher disease burden for chronic conditions including obesity when compared ...