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An abbreviated example of an exposure hierarchy is pictured in Image 1. Image 1: Exposure hierarchy example for treating public speaking fears. When exposure to an item at the bottom of the hierarchy leads to moderately reduced distress or increased tolerance, a client progresses up the hierarchy to more and more difficult exposures.
The first step is to identify the hierarchy of fears. The second step is to learn relaxation or coping techniques. Finally, the individual uses these techniques to manage their fear during a situation from the hierarchy. The third step is repeated for each level of the hierarchy, starting from the least fear-inducing situation.
The Method of Factors is a technique in cognitive behavioral therapy to organise a session of exposure therapy.Rather than generating a list of objects or situations in advance (a static hierarchy) representing escalating levels of arousal and intensity of fear for a particular phobia, the Method of Factors involves identifying a fear-provoking stimulus, then identifying those features of the ...
using flooding therapy, which exposes the patient to feared stimuli starting at the most feared item in a fear hierarchy. [13] [14] There are several types of exposure procedures. in vivo or "real life." [15] This type exposes the patient to actual fear-inducing situations. For example, if someone fears public speaking, the person may be asked ...
The dual strategies theory explores how individuals navigate social hierarchies using two main approaches: dominance and prestige. These strategies have profound implications for human emotions. Individuals who employ dominance tend to evoke emotions of fear and subordination in others, often through aggressive or coercive behaviors.
This explains why oftentimes fear appeals used in advertising do not work on the audience. As the threat perceived by the audience increases and the capacity to produce the desired effect is low, people will tend to do the opposite of what is advocated. [21] Attitude change can also be influenced by the immediate social environment.
Thus, the purpose of the social rank system is to remain attuned the social hierarchy to better compete for rank, and consequently expand resource acquisition. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Conversely, the safety system views the social world not as a competitive space, but instead as a cooperative space where others may extend reassurances and assistance.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs consists of physiological needs (lowest level), safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization (highest level). [3] According to Maslow, a human is motivated by the level they have not yet reached, and self-actualization cannot be met until each of the lower levels has been fulfilled. [ 4 ]